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Cirrhosis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Cirrhosis is usually a result of liver damage from conditions such as hepatitis B or C, or chronic alcohol use. The damage done by cirrhosis typically cannot be undone. But if caught early enough and depending on the cause, there is a chance of slowing it with treatment.

Cirrhosis of the Liver: What It Is, Symptom & Treatment
Cirrhosis is a gradual scarring process that’s triggered by chronic inflammation in your liver. Any chronic liver disease that causes inflammation (hepatitis) can lead to cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis - Wikipedia
The best predictors of cirrhosis are ascites, platelet count < 160,000/mm 3, spider angiomata, and a Bonacini cirrhosis discriminant score greater than 7 (as the sum of scores for platelet count, ALT/AST ratio and INR as per table).

Cirrhosis of the Liver: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatment - WebMD
Cirrhosis is a condition in which scar tissue gradually replaces your healthy liver cells. It usually happens over a long period, often due to hepatitis, alcohol use disorder, or metabolic...

Cirrhosis of the Liver: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
Cirrhosis is caused by chronic (long-term) liver diseases that damage liver tissue. It can take many years for liver damage to lead to cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - Healthline
Cirrhosis is severe scarring of the liver that happens in late-stage liver disease, most commonly from long-term alcohol misuse, hepatitis B or C infections, or metabolic dysfunction-associated...

Cirrhosis of the liver life expectancy: Stages, outlook, and more
The liver is the second largest organ in the human body and one of the most important for human health. Cirrhosis is a progressive condition that puts both a person’s liver and life at risk.

Liver Cirrhosis - PMC
Cirrhosis is defined as the histological development of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands in response to chronic liver injury, that leads to portal hypertension and end stage liver disease.

Cirrhosis - NIDDK
Overview of cirrhosis, a condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged. Describes causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment.

Diagnosis and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications
This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis and its complications.

* Hepatology101 LATEST NEWS *

                    *Filter: "Cirrhosis"

Contemporary global epidemiology of cirrhosis : Hepatology Communications  Ovid
Late-night eating may be bad for your liver, study suggests  OHSU News
Global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, 1990–2023, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023  The Lancet
Nutritional Assessment in Patients with Cirrhosis... : Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice  Ovid
Noninvasive Markers Show Exploratory Diagnostic Links to Esophageal Varices in Children  Bioengineer.org
Sarcopenia Doubles Mortality Risk in Gastric Variceal Bleeding, Suggests Study  Medical Dialogues
Alcohol abstinence enables regeneration even in advanced liver cirrhosis  MedUni Wien
Preventing the progression of cirrhosis to decompensation and death  Nature
Cirrhosis: Diagnosis and Management  American Academy Of Family Physicians | AAFP
Global epidemiology of cirrhosis — aetiology, trends and predictions  Nature
Infections in cirrhosis  The Lancet
Recompensation in decompensated cirrhosis  The Lancet
Preoperative evaluation of patients with liver disease  Nature
Screening for advanced steatotic liver disease  The Lancet
North East doctor wins award for digital system improving liver cancer checks  The Northern Echo

Common Hepatology Symptoms

Jaundice (Icterus) — Yellowing of the skin and sclera caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels due to impaired hepatic processing or biliary obstruction.

Ascites — Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, commonly secondary to portal hypertension and advanced liver cirrhosis.

Hepatic Encephalopathy — Spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities including confusion, asterixis, and altered consciousness resulting from neurotoxin accumulation.

Pruritus — Severe, generalized skin itching frequently associated with cholestatic liver diseases and systemic bile acid accumulation.

Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain — Dull ache or sensation of fullness caused by stretching of Glisson's capsule surrounding an enlarged or inflamed liver.

Spider Angiomas and Palmar ErytHepa — Vascular cutaneous signs stemming from altered sex hormone metabolism and hyperdynamic circulation in chronic liver disease.

Dark Urine and Acholic Stools — Tea-colored urine from bilirubinuria paired with pale, clay-colored stools indicating impaired biliary drainage.

Milestones in Hepatology History

Discovery of the Australia Antigen (1965) — Baruch Blumberg identified the surface antigen of Hepatitis B, paving the way for diagnostic screening and the first HBV vaccine.

First Successful Human Liver Transplant (1967) — Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the world's first successful human liver transplantation at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.

Identification of Hepatitis Delta Virus (1977) — Mario Rizzetto discovered the delta antigen, characterizing HDV as a defective subviral pathogen reliant on HBV co-infection.

Cloning and Identification of Hepatitis C (1989) — Michael Houghton, Harvey Alter, and Charles Rice isolated the non-A, non-B hepatitis virus, officially naming it Hepatitis C.

Introduction of MELD Score System (2002) — The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease was adopted in the United States to prioritize liver allocation based on 3-month mortality risk.

Approval of Direct-Acting Antivirals for HCV (2013) — The FDA approved Sofosbuvir, ushering in an era of highly effective, interferon-free oral curative regimens for chronic Hepatitis C.

Nomenclature Shift to MASLD and MASH (2023) — Global liver societies renamed NAFLD/NASH to better reflect underlying metabolic pathology and eliminate stigmatizing language.

Current Hepatology Research

Bepirovirsen Functional Cure Trials — Evaluating antisense oligonucleotides to achieve a sustained loss of HBsAg and drug-free clinical response in patients living with chronic hepatitis B.

MASLD Diagnostics and Screening — Refining non-invasive biomarker panels and metabolic criteria to detect metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease early in co-infected populations.

Hepatitis D Expanded Testing Protocols — Implementing reflexive antibody and RNA testing strategies to address global underdiagnosis of delta hepatitis co-infections.

Global Elimination Strategy Implementation — Tracking regional epidemiological data and public health interventions designed to accelerate viral hepatitis eradication goals.

RNA Interference (RNAi) Gene Silencing — Investigating small interfering RNA therapies to knock down viral transcripts and reduce antigen production in chronic liver infections.

MASH Fibrosis Biomarker Development — Validating novel serum panels and elastography metrics to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis regression without invasive biopsies.

In Vivo Gene Editing via Lipid Nanoparticles — Utilizing hepatic-targeted LNP delivery systems to correct monogenic metabolic liver disorders directly within host hepatocytes.

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Cirrhosis — Analyzing gut-liver axis dysbiosis to prevent bacterial translocation and manage portal hypertension complications in end-stage liver disease.